Internal-combustion engine



s'. E. JOHNSON.

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@wwe/MM- aljented Mar. 15,1921.

UNITED STATES svAN E. JOHNSON, or nnx'ron, MARYLAND.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 15, 1921.

Application filed July 3, 1920. Serial N0. 393,828.

To all whom. it may concern:

Ruxton, in the county of Baltimore and` State of Maryland, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Internaly Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to certain improvements in internal combustion engines, and it is an object of the invention to provide a novel and improved device of this general character wherein the intake, compression, firing and exhaust occur during each cycle.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a novel and improved device of this general character comprising a power cylinder and a charging cylinder in communication one with the other and in which are rectilinear movement pistons connected for unitary movement in the same direction, whereby the requisite intake, compression, firing and exhaust occur during each cycle, together with means arranged within the power cylinder to cut olf the firing end of said cylinder from the exhaust port durin the period such port is open.

'he invention consists in the details of construction and in the combination and arrangement of the several parts of my improved internal combustion engine whereby certain important advantages are attained and the device rendered simpler, less expensive and otherwise more convenient and advantageous for use, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth.

The novel features of my invention will hereinafter be definitely claimed.

In order that my invention may be the better understood, I will now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure l is a fragmentary view partly in gsection and partly in elevation and of a somewhat diagrammatic character illustrating an engine constructed in accordanceI wah an embodiment of my invention, and

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view taken through the firing end of the power cylinder.

As disclosed in the accompanying drawings, S denotes a shaft provided with a pair Aof cranks C and C extending in the same .general direction and substantially in parallelism and of substantially the same throw.

Operatively engaged with the crank C is a rod R' also operatively engaged with a piston P having rectilinear movement within the power cylinder A. The cylinder A is substantially surrounded by a water 'acket J. Positioned adjacent the cylinder is a charging cylinder B in which is mounted for rectilinear movement the piston P operatively connected through the instrumentality of the rod R with the crank C.

' In communication with the firing end of the cylinder A and the adjacent end of the cylinder B is a port 1 and return flow through said port 1 is prevented by the check valve 2 operatin in a well known manner. Also in communication with said end portion of the cylinder B is an intake port 3 normally closed by the inwardly opening check valve 4'.

In communication with the cylinder A at a desired point inwardly of the port 1 is an exhaust port 5 normally closed by the valve 6. The valve 6 is moved into open position at proper timed sequence by a rock arm 7 engaging the outer end portion of the stem 8 of the valve 6. The requisite rocking movement is imparted to the arm 7 by the rod 9 having an eccentric connection, as at 10', with the shaft S.

As illustrated in Fig. 1, the pistons P and P have almost reached the limit of their inward movement, the further movement of the piston P within its cylinder B assuring the requisite pressure of the explosive medium within the firing end of the cylinder A and which mixture, under pressure, is delivered within the firing end of the cylinder A through the port 1. Upon ignition of the charge through the medium of a spark plug l0, the pistons P and P move outwardly in unison and at the same time the valve piston V arranged in the liring end of the cylinder A is moved to a point movement of the valve piston V is ellected through the medium of the rock arm 12 operatively engaged with the extended portion of the stem 14 of said valve piston. V and which stemV extends through the outer head of the piston A. The rock arm 12 has operatively engaged therewith a rod 15 which:

is also operatively engaged, as indicated -at 16, with a cam member 17 carried by` the shaft S.

As the pistons P and P move outwardly, the piston P draws the requisite charge into the cylinder B through the port 3 and as the pistons P and P move inwardly, the piston P compresses the charge in the cylinder B and at the same time forces such charge into the tiring end ot' the cylinder A above the valve piston V. The inward movement of the piston P forces the exploded gases out through the exhaust port 5. About the time the piston P on its inward movement reaches the exhaust port 5, the valve 6 closes and the piston valve V is moved to the limit of its inward movement so that the explosive mixture thereabove may pass between the piston P and the valve piston V and which travel of the gases is permitted by the short longitudinal grooves or passages 18 provided in the wall of the bore of the cylinder A at the tiring end thereof, the inner ends of said grooves terminating in wardly of the exhaust port 5 so that when the valve piston V is at the limitI of its outward movement, fiow through said grooves or passageway 18 is prevented. The pistons P and P have slight further inward movement resulting in the desired compression of the charge and as the pistons P and P reach the limit of their inward movement, the spark plug 10 is ignited in a conventional manner.

vIn order that the spark plug .10 will oli'er no obstruction tothe requisite movement 0f the valve piston V, l prefer to have the firing portion of said spark plug l0 confined within a groove or passageway 18, asv

is clearly illustrated in the .accompanying drawings. I

I also iind it ofl advantage to havie the valve piston V hollow and the stem 14 there' of tubularand in communication therewith. Bythis means, water may be arranged withinfsaid valve piston V and the stem 14 to y prevent the same from becoming overheated.

As is illustrated .in 1Fig.I 1 of the drawings, the outer end ofethe stem 14C- has in communication therewith'the end portion of a ficxible conduitor .pipe 19 also in communi- 'cation with thewater jacket J.

From the@ foregoing 'description it is thought to be obvious that an internal combustion lengine constructed in accordance with my invention is particularly well adapted for use by reason ot the convenience and facilitywith which it may be assembled and operated, and it will also be obvious that my invention is susceptible of some change and modification without departing from the principles and .spirit thereof and i for this reason I dol not wish to be understood as limiting myself o the precise ar-` vent-ion in practice except 'as hereinafter claimed.

I claim:

1.'In an internal combustion engine, a power' cylinder, a charging cylinder in communication with the power cylinder, pistons working within the cylinders, means for causing said pistons to move in unison and in the same general direction, an intake port in communication with the charging cylinder inwardly ot' the piston therein, an exhaust port in communication with the power cylinder outwardly of the communication between said power cylinder and the charging cylinder, and a timed operating piston valve movable withini the power cylinder inwardly oi the piston wit-hin said power cylinder, said piston valve being spaced from the adjacent head of the power cylinder during the period of exhaust.

Q 'In an internal combustion engine, a power cylinder, a charging cylinder in communication with the power cylinder, pistons working within the cylinders, means for causing said pistons to move in unison and in the same general direction, an intake port in communication with the charging cylinder inwardly ot' the piston therein, an exhaust port in communication with tht power cylinder outwardly of the communication between said powercylinder and the charging cylinder, and a timed operating piston valve movable within the power cylinder inwardly of the piston within said power cylinder, said piston valve heilig spaced from the adjacent head ot' the power cylinder during the period of exhaust, the wall ot' the bore ot' the power cylinder at the 'firing end thereof being provided with longitudinally disposed channels, said piston' valve closing the How through said channels when at the limity of its outward movement.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a power cylinder, a charging cylinder in communication with 'the power cylinder, pistons working within the cylinders, means for causing said pistons to move in unisonand fin the same general direction, an intake port in communication with thecharging cylinder inwardly ot the piston therein, an exhaust port in communication with the power cylinder outwardly of the communication between .said power cylinder and the charging cylinder, a timed operating piston valve movable within the powe'r cylinder inwardly of the piston within said power cylinder, said piston valve being spaced from the adjacent head of the power cylinder during the period ot exhaust., and automatic means tor preventing retrograde How through the communication between the power cylinder and the" charging cylinder.

4. In an internal combustion engine, a

Apower cylinder, a chargingcylinder in com- .munication withthe power cylinder, pistons der inwardly of the piston therein, an ex-.

haust port in communication with the power cylinder outwardly of the communication between said power cylinder and the charging cylinder, a timed operating iston valve movable within the power lcylin er'inwardly of the piston within said power cylinder, said piston valve being spaced from the ad-4 jacent head of the power cylinder during .t

the period of exhaust, automatic means for Y preventing retrograde flow'through the communication between the power cylinder and the charging cylinder, and automatic means for preventing retrograde l-low through the intake port of the charging cylinder.

In testimony whlereofI Ahereunto afiix my signature.

vSVAN JOHNSON. 

